第六天 XHTML代码规范
在开始正式内容制作之前，我们必须先了解一下web标准有关代码的规范。
了解这些规范可以帮助你少走弯路,尽快通过代码校验。使我们的代码有一个统一、唯一的标准！
1.所有的标记都必须要有一个相应的结束标记
以前在HTML中，你可以打开许多标签，例如
和
而不一定写对应的
和
来关闭它们。但在XHTML中这是不合法的。XHTML要求有严谨的结构，所有标签必须关闭。如果是单独不成对的标签，在标签最后加一个"/"来关闭它。例如:
2.所有标签的元素和属性的名字都必须使用小写
与HTML不一样，XHTML对大小写是敏感的，
和<title>是不同的标签。XHTML要求所有的标签和属性的名字都必须使用小写。例如：<body>必须写成<body> 。大小写夹杂也是不被认可的，通常dreamweaver自动生成的属性名字"onMouseOver"也必须修改成"onmouseover"。</p>
<p>3.所有的XML标记都必须合理嵌套<br />
同样因为XHTML要求有严谨的结构，因此所有的嵌套都必须按顺序，以前我们这样写的代码：</p>
<p><b></p>
<p></b><br />
必须修改为：</p>
<p><b></b></p>
<p>就是说，一层一层的嵌套必须是严格对称。</p>
<p>4.所有的属性必须用引号""括起来<br />
在HTML中，你可以不需要给属性值加引号，但是在XHTML中，它们必须被加引号。例如:<br />
<height=80><br />
必须修改为：<br />
<height="80"><br />
特殊情况，你需要在属性值里使用双引号，你可以用"，单引号可以使用'，例如：<br />
<alt="say'hello'"></p>
<p>5.把所有<和&特殊符号用编码表示
任何小于号（<），不是标签的一部分，都必须被编码为& l t ;
任何大于号（>），不是标签的一部分，都必须被编码为& g t ;<br />
任何与号（&），不是实体的一部分的，都必须被编码为& a m p;<br />
注：以上字符之间无空格。</p>
<p>6.给所有属性赋一个值<br />
XHTML规定所有属性都必须有一个值，没有值的就重复本身。例如：</p>
<td nowrap> <input type="checkbox" name="shirt" value="medium" checked> 必须修改为：</p>
<td nowrap="nowrap"> <input type="checkbox" name="shirt" value="medium" checked="checked"></p>
<p>7.不要在注释内容中使“--”<br />
“--”只能发生在XHTML注释的开头和结束，也就是说，在内容中它们不再有效。<br />
例如下面的代码是无效的:<br />
<!--这里是注释-----------这里是注释--><br />
用等号或者空格替换内部的虚线。<br />
<!--这里是注释============这里是注释--><br />
以上这些规范有的看上去比较奇怪，但这一切都是为了使我们的代码有一个统一、唯一的标准！<br />
以便于将来的数据再利用！！</p>
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